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October 18, 2020 - October 24, 2020 - Graphics show birthdays and anniversaries for each day of the week. This week features protests in Chile, the discovery of oil off the coast of Scotland, the Long March of Mao Zedong, pollution smog in China, Emperor Naruhito of Japan, Brazilian soccer player Pele, and the formation of the United Nations

October 18, 2019: Chile imposed a state of emergency as protests spread over rising living costs, triggered by a fare increase in the Metro de Santiago subway

October 19, 1970: BP discovered a large oilfield in the British sector of the North Sea to the east of Aberdeen, Scotland. It was the first major discovery of oil in British waters

October 20, 1935: Mao Zedong and his Communist forces ended their Long March at Yan’an, in northwest China, a year after fleeing Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang armies in the south

October 21, 2013: Smog with record levels of harmful particulates grounded aircraft and closed schools and roadways in Harbin, China, a city of more than 10 million people

October 22, 2019: Emperor Naruhito was formally enthroned as the 126th ruler of Japan. He acceded to the throne in May following the abdication of his father, Akihito

October 23, 1940: Brazilian football hero Pele, who led his country to World Cup victories in 1958 and 1970, was born. He celebrates his 80th birthday today

October 24, 1945: The United Nations officially came into existence as its charter, adopted in June, took effect. There were initially 51 members, a figure that has since almost quadrupled