Graphic shows how the initially successful campaign turned into one of the most humiliating surrenders in British military history, just three months after the humiliating retreat at Gallipoli.

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Mesopotamia campaign

July 28, 2014 - Turkey’s entry into the war on October 29, 1914 immediately prompted Britain to open a new military front in the Ottoman province of Mesopotamia. The Royal Navy was one of the world’s first navies to switch from coal to oil, and the British-Indian expeditionary force sent to Mesopotamia was intended to protect vital oil supplies from Persia and secure Britain’s naval supremacy.